Adaptive social protection (ASP) is a response to widespread demand for the use of social protection as a tool to build the resilience of poor and vulnerable households to these kinds of covariate shocks. ASP is outlined in this report as a specific focus area within the wider field of social protection that is dedicated to identifying the ways in which social protection can be leveraged and enhanced to build household resilience to these kinds of shocks. In doing so, this report draws inspiration and insight from the concept of ASP promulgated by researchers at the Institute of Development Studies (for example, Arnall et al. 2010; Davies et al. 2009, 2012). These authors first highlighted the value of integrating the often disconnected social protection, disaster risk management (DRM), and climate change adaptation sectors for a mutually reinforcing approach to reduce household vulnerability and build household resilience. In equal measure, the report draws on the proliferating literature on and operational experiences related to shock-responsive social protection, especially the Oxford Policy Management shock-responsive social protection series, 2015–18. Finally, the report draws on and adapts the Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters (BRACED) framework developed by Bahadur et al. (2015), as the primary basis for its definition of household resilience.